• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a resiliently deformable type static seal (1), this seal (1) extending in elevation parallel to an axial direction (X) perpendicular to a joint plane (YZ), the seal (1 ) forming a closed loop around the axial direction (X) and having a cross section in each transverse half-plane (XY) whose shape makes it possible in particular to ensure that the seal (1) is positioned correctly inside the a groove 5 of substantially complementary shape. According to the invention such a seal (1) comprises a body (25) of elastically deformable material, each cross section of the joint (1) at rest being a non-regular and asymmetrical transverse polygon, each cross section comprising: - a vertex sector (18) extending at an inner surface (181) of the crown sector (18) to an outer bearing surface (18E) externally defining an outer transverse shoulder (15) of the seal (1), - a sector of base (22) of the seal (1) located in elevation partially under the crown sector (18).
    公开号:FR3051878A1
    申请号:FR1600829
    申请日:2016-05-24
    公开日:2017-12-01
    发明作者:Yann Fumanal
    申请人:ONIS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention generally relates to the field of plane sealing between an upstream section and a downstream section of a structure whose interior is under positive pressure, e.g. a fluid line.
    This seal is said to be static when it is obtained while the upstream section and the downstream section are rigidly fixed to one another, in a demountable manner.
    According to the invention, a static seal is intended for "high pressures", namely positive values of fluid pressure that can reach values of the order of 42 MPa (420 bars) to 75 MPa (750 bars).
    In this field, the invention proposes in particular a seal by mounting a solid seal and elastically deformable.
    In contrast, a plastically deformable seal is a planar cut of crushable material, interposed between two flat surfaces where sealing is to be performed. With these crushable seals, obtaining the seal implies irreversible deformation of the seal.
    Conventionally a seal of the type of that of the invention, provides for mounting the elastically deformable seal in a concave groove formed in one of the upstream or downstream sections, where is housed the seal. For example, it is an elastomeric O-ring. Depending on the case, for mounting a solid and elastically deformable seal, the section of the groove is rectangular, trapezoidal or sometimes hexagonal. The invention is useful for many industrial applications where high pressure and safety are required. Thus, the invention can typically find applications within assemblies such as access openings to pressurized vehicles such as aircraft and submarines. The invention also applies to access openings to industrial equipment such as autoclaves or industrial cookers, to pipes or valves of chemical, energy or pharmaceutical facilities, for example. The invention typically applies to a quick-acting shutter assembly (in English "Line Blind"), as illustrated by the documents FR1264881, FR2288267, FR2323938, FR2447501, FR2672958, FR2733024 or FR2756346.
    Such a shutter is used in an industrial installation where pressurized fluids must be circulated through a network of pipes. In case of maintenance or modification of the network, or in case of emergency, it is desirable to isolate completely and tightly two adjacent sections of pipeline.
    Historically, after interruption of the flow of fluid in the pipe, two connecting flanges of the two sections are distant and a solid tape (that is to say a solid wall) is fixed between these two flanges by interposing the passage of fluid. It is this solid plate that gives the seal its certain character.
    This operation, known as pilling, creates a so-called "positive" insulation, avoiding the risks of leakage to which an internal valve valve may be subject, or false manipulations. However, the machining requires significant means in terms of time, technical means (lifting) and labor. For example in case of emergency or with a large diameter pipe or difficult to access, the machining is not always appropriate.
    Tapping by tape also requires an expensive shutdown of the industrial plant requiring intervention.
    Fast acting shutters overcome the disadvantages of tape milling, and are thus routinely mounted on pipes of various diameters (e.g., 25mm to 1200mm).
    In these quick-acting shutters, an eccentric system allows the flanges to be temporarily removed to interpose therebetween a sliding plate called a cover. The lid is movable between two positions: an open position where the pipe facing an opening of the cap is passing and a closed position where the pipe is closed as with a skirting.
    To obtain the seal, on each face of the lid and for each of the open and closed positions, the lid is equipped with receiving grooves. In each of these grooves is placed an elastically deformable seal. Opposite each seal, the corresponding flange has a plane seat. The eccentric system then makes it possible to tighten the flanges so that the seats elastically press and deform the seals against the cover, thus generating the seal.
    Conventionally, the operculum grooves for fast-acting shutter are concave and circular in their joint plane. Commonly, ring-shaped annular joints are introduced into a groove of corresponding shape. But the cross section of the groove is sometimes rectangular, hexagonal or triangular.
    Known seals are generally made of an elastically deformable material such as nitrile rubber, fluororubber, polyethylene. Other joints are graphite, silicone or polyurethane, or include metal parts.
    To obtain the elastic deformation in an axial direction perpendicular to the joint plane, the thickness of the seal at rest is substantially greater than the axial depth of its receiving groove. Before tight clamping, the seal thus protrudes out of the groove in the axial direction. When tightened, the seal deforms elastically and creates sealing surfaces against the seats.
    For example, known seals provide that at rest is provided an empty expansion volume of an O-ring in a trapezoidal groove, of the order of 9% to 10%. An empty expansion volume of an O-ring in a hexagonal groove is for example of the order of 16%. However, the distribution substantially close to the throat bottom of such empty expansion volumes does not favor a contour of the deformed seal ensuring a secure seal against high pressures.
    Although known seals have many qualities and are widely used e.g. for fast-acting shutter operculants, at present other technical problems remain unresolved in practice.
    Nowadays, the elastically deformable seals do not guarantee a static, durable and reliable seal when the fluid pressure in the pipeline exceeds certain values, e.g. from 42 MPa (420 Bars) to at least 75 MPa (750 Bars).
    Furthermore, during in-situ assembly, human errors may result in an improper form seal pattern being installed in a groove.
    Also, a seal of acceptable shape but of inappropriate composition of material (x) may be installed due to human error.
    It is therefore difficult, if not impossible in practice, to be certain that the appropriate seal is actually installed in situ, which can have serious consequences.
    Particularly in the case of joints with non-circular cross-section, it is presently complicated, if not impossible, to be certain that the seal is mounted inside the groove in a predetermined position and in a suitable manner, which can also lead to to undesirable consequences.
    Another aspect illustrated by the example of fast-acting shutters is related to maintaining the seal at rest inside the groove, from the moment of its assembly until the seal is obtained by clamping the seats of flanges against the corresponding face of the sliding cover. The trapezoidal or hexagonal grooves generally allow some maintenance.
    However, pressing force by momentary deformation of the seal during insertion into the groove, can alter the integrity of the seal. In particular the seal may be injured or damaged in that the sectional shape of the seal is not circular, but has projections. Especially for applications under high pressure, it is not acceptable that a seal is altered and may thus not fully assume its sealing function. Also, it is not acceptable for a seal to be wounded during assembly, and thus has rupture primers.
    In addition, certain safety procedures make it necessary not to leave aging joints in place. Indeed, some materials lose their initial qualities over time. As a result, the effectiveness of a seal can only be guaranteed under certain conditions and over a given period of time. It is then difficult or impossible to be certain that in the field, the proper seal is actually installed for a suitable duration, which can also have unfortunate consequences.
    In addition, the joint must be especially robust and of a simple and compact structure while being able to be produced economically, including in the context of limited series.
    In this context, there are, for example, flange gaskets designed for use on flanged hydraulic tubes, hoses and fittings to SAEJ518C. These seals replace the O-rings without modifying the existing ones (see http://de.dichtomatik.com/en/produktkataloa/flachdichtunaen/1Q f).
    Also, there exist some joints whose section forms a "T" (cf: http://fr.prepol.com/produits/ioints-en-t-et-et-ioints-en-l). These T-joints offer a good static seal and consist of an elastomer profile and two plastic support rings (PTFE or PEEK). These rings have an anti-extrusion role allow high pressure use, since the pressure of the system is used to actuate the bearing rings. The installation of these T-joints is simplified because of their symmetrical geometry.
    Under these conditions, the document EP0187606 describes a seal for assembly with flat faces and flange connection. This seal is in the form of a ring and comprises an annular molded expanded graphite core, between two metal rings. The ring formed by the seal comprises two flat parallel faces of the graphite core. The inner and outer metal rings have a spring effect in an axial direction and have a corrugated wall having the axial direction for main direction.
    FR2517789 discloses a composite seal for joining tubes of small diameters and subjected to high temperatures. The seal comprises an annular metal core with circular grooves on each of its faces and a refractory lining which has a chosen elastic recovery. The liner is placed in the groove and protrudes from the face of the seal to be squeezed to the flush of the metal core when tightened.
    The document FR2850153 describes a seal comprising a metal outer casing and an elastic internal structure. The internal structure is composed of flexible blades superimposed and separated by supports. These supports are located on one side and the other of the blades being offset staggered.
    The documents US3260496, US3734457, WO2013144167 and WO2016006802 are also cited as technological background. The invention therefore proposes to overcome the mentioned limitations. For this purpose, an object of the invention is a static seal of elastically deformable type. This elastic seal of elastically deformable type has an axial direction X perpendicular to a joint plane YZ. The seal forms a closed loop around the X direction parallel to said joint plane and has a cross section in each transverse half-plane delimited by the axial direction X, each half-plane having a transverse direction Y in said joint plane YZ.
    According to the invention, the seal comprises a one-piece body of elastically deformable material and such that each cross section of the seal at rest is a non-regular and asymmetrical transverse polygon.
    Each cross section of the joint at rest presents; a crown sector extending from an internal surface of the crown sector to an external counter-bearing surface respectively separated from the axial direction X by a minimum internal dimension and a maximum external dimension, the outer bearing surface delimiting externally an outer transverse shoulder of the gasket, - a base sector of the gasket located in elevation under the crown sector, the base sector extending transversely from an internal base surface to an outer surface of separate guide respectively from the axial direction X by a minimum internal measurement and a maximum external measurement, the minimum internal measurement and the maximum external measurement being respectively less than the minimum internal dimension and the maximum external dimension, the external guiding surface being separated from the external surface against support by the external transverse shoulder. the external transverse shoulder forming a polarizer for setting the gasket mounting position, the gasket comprising an internal immobilizing lip which is integrated into the one-piece body between the inner crown surface and the inner base surface in a prominently internal manner; to the axial direction X to form a seal lock in the mounting position.
    According to an example of the invention, the seal comprises: - an upper surface of the crown sector which is extended at rest in the transverse direction Y and perpendicular to the counter-bearing outer surface and to the inner vertex surface, the upper surface ensuring sealing contact of the joint at work in the joint plane Yz, - a lower surface of the parallel base section at rest at the upper surface, perpendicular to the outer guide surface and to the inner base surface, and opposite at the upper surface in the axial direction X, the lower surface ensuring sealing contact of the seal at work in a bearing plane PJ of the seal, and - an intermediate surface of the crown sector arranged between the upper surface and the lower surface forming the external transverse shoulder, the shoulder being perpendicular to the axial direction X and connecting the outer surface of against support to the surface this outer guide, a peripheral lowering clearance being formed at the bottom of the seal from the outer transverse shoulder to the lower surface, the guide surface being parallel to the axial direction X so as to direct the mounting of the base in the axial direction X and towards the bearing plane PJ.
    According to one embodiment, the immobilizing lip has a controlled external erase deformation in the transverse direction Y and comprises at an upper location an elastic contact arc and immobilization after setting the seal assembly.
    According to an exemplary embodiment, the seal comprises the one-piece body of elastically deformable Young modulus material of the order of 1 MPa to 100 GPa, so that the outer transverse shoulder is integral with said body.
    According to another exemplary embodiment, the seal comprises the body of elastically deformable Young modulus material of the order of 1 MPa to 100 GPa and a distinct rigid anti-extrusion ring, the anti-extrusion ring being fixed by adhesion to body to form a partial outer contour of the crown area and the counter-bearing outer surface, as well as the shoulder at least in part.
    According to one example, the anti-extrusion ring is made of a material having a hardness of at most 900 HV 0.3 (Vickers hardness) or 67 to 68 HRC (Rockwell hardness C) and chosen from: steel, stainless steel, titanium, alloy copper, aluminum alloy, lead, polymer, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, fiberglass, graphite, ceramic.
    According to an example, the material of the body is of elastically deformable material selected from fluoroelastomer, chloropolyethylene rubber, chlorosulfuric polyethylene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, ethylene acrylic rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, perfluorinated elastomers, tetrafluoroethylene, polychloroprene, nitrile, silicone or butyl.
    In one example, the seal forms a close-loop contour in the joint plane YZ selected among; circle, oval, rectangle, square and parallelepiped.
    In one example, the immobilizing lip is intermittent along the closed loop of the seal and comprises alternately along this contour, at least two immobilization sections projecting from the minimum measurement of the base sector and at least two sections. recessed, flush with the minimum extent of the base area in the transverse direction.
    Another object of the invention is a positive pressure structure. The structure comprising at least one groove for receiving a static elastic seal of elastically deformable type as evoked. Positive values of fluid pressure in the structure at work are in the range of 42 MPa to 75 MPa. The groove has a non-regular and asymmetrical cross-section that includes; an upper passage opening, in the joint plane for positioning the seal in the groove, a first external face facing the crown sector for supporting the crown sector against this first face; external of the outer surface against the support or the anti-extrusion ring of the crown sector, - a polarizing flange in alignment with the bearing plane PJ in the axial direction X and projecting from the first face external to the inside of the groove determining a horizontal face perpendicular to the axial direction X followed by an inclined ramp towards the bottom of the groove to facilitate the introduction of the base sector in the groove bottom, then a second external face for guiding the external guide surface of the base sector until contact of the lower surface of the base sector with the support plane PJ, - an inner face of the groove, - a retaining barrier Pro lip to the outside of the groove in the transverse direction Y and from the inner wall.
    Yet another object of the invention is a method of mounting in a structure of a seal as evoked.
    According to the invention, the method comprises: a step of checking the correspondence of the joint with a groove of the structure; a step of checking the conformity of at least one marking of the joint with specifications of the structure; placing the joint in a groove of the structure in an appropriate position, the cross sections of the seal and the groove allowing the appropriate positioning or preventing any improper positioning, - an immobilization step by interaction between a retaining barrier of the groove and the lip of immobilization of the seal, and - then, putting the seal in the working position in the structure, so as to obtain the static seal. The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the context of the description which follows with exemplary embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent: FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a example of structure, equipped with four high-pressure seals respectively installed in four corresponding grooves, - Figure 2 is a perspective view of a seal according to the invention, provided on a top face of a marking. ; a lip immobilizing the seal being intermittent, - Figure 3A is a partial sectional view of an exemplary assembly according to the invention, a seal in a corresponding groove without extrusion ring reported, FIG. 3B is identical to FIG. 3A, but with an attached anti-extrusion ring, FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of an exemplary structure according to the invention, in which a high seal is visible. pressure installed in the corresponding groove, - Figure 5 is a perspective view of a groove in a structure according to the invention for receiving a seal; - Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method of mounting a seal according to the invention. - Figure 7 is a partial sectional view of an example of improper mounting of a seal in a corresponding groove, undecided according to the method of the invention, - Figure 8 is a partial sectional view of an example of a seal according to the invention, wherein a one-piece body comprises an integrated outer guide surface; - Figure 9 is another partial sectional view of the seal of Figure 8; - Figure 10 is a partial sectional view of an exemplary seal according to the invention, wherein an anti-extrusion ring is attached to a one-piece body; and - Figure 11 is another partial sectional view of the seal of Figure 10.
    The elements present in several distinct figures have one and the same reference. In the figures, three directions X, Y and Z orthogonal to each other are shown.
    The X direction is said to be axial insofar as constituents of the invention may have, in examples, axial symmetry shapes in the X direction. The terms "lower" or "higher" or "median" are defined relative to the axial direction X. The direction Y, perpendicular to the axial direction X, is said transverse and the direction Z is the third component of a trirectangular trihedron XYZ. Conventionally, the term "lower" indicates a location closer to a throat floor and the term "upper" means a location closer to a joint plane. The terms "internal" or "external" are defined in relation to one or other of these radial directions Y or Z. Also, "internal" indicates a location closer to an X axis, while "superior" designates a location closer to a joint plane.
    For example in FIG. 1, a YZ joint plane parallel to the Y and Z directions and a transverse half-plane XY which is parallel to the X and Y (or Z) directions are illustrated. In Figures 2-5 and 7-11 the transverse plane XY coincides with the plane of the sheet, and the joint plane YZ is perpendicular to this plane of the sheet.
    In Figure 1, we see an example of mounting a seal 1 on a structure 2. A method P (Figure 6) exposes the assembly according to the invention, a seal 1 on such a structure 2. This structure 2 belongs to an installation I, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
    In some embodiments, at least one seal 1 is integrated in an installation I in the form of a pressurized vehicle (such as a aircraft or submarine), within an access opening such as a door or airlock.
    In other embodiments, the invention applies to structures 2 integrated into access openings or to sealed junctions for industrial equipment such as autoclaves, industrial cookers or other installations. In the invention, a structure 2 in which one or more joints 1 are mounted is integrated with other types of installations I in the chemical, petroleum, energy, pharmaceutical or similar industries.
    In the examples of Figures 2-5, the structure 2 is integrated in a pipe in an installation I and more specifically to a shutter 4 having a seal comparable to that of Figure 1. In this figure, the structure 2 corresponds to a seal 3 sliding and installation I to shutter 4 fast-acting.
    Four deformable static sealing seals 1 are installed in four corresponding grooves 5 of the cover 3 which here serves as structure 2. Two grooves 5 are provided on an upper face of the structure 2 and two other grooves 5 are on a lower face which is opposite to the upper face in the axial direction X.
    In FIG. 4, a seal 1 according to the invention is mounted in a groove 5 of an upper face of the cap 3. A so-called upper groove 5 surrounds a veil 6 (visible in FIG. a flow F of pressurized fluid and a passage lumen 7 of this flow F on an upper face of the cap 3. On the other so-called lower face, a seal (not shown) 1 according to the invention is similarly mounted in a lower groove 5 and surrounds the cut-off web 6 as well as the through-light 7.
    At work, the structure 2 of FIG. 1 is abutted between an upstream section 8 of an installation I such as the shutter 4 and a downstream section 9. These sections 8 and 9 are hollow and delimit with the passageway 7 a passage 10 in the form of pipe, for a flow F of fluid in solid form (powder, ...), liquid or gaseous under pressure. These upstream and downstream sections 8 and 8 are rigidly fixed to one another and hermetically clamped against the structure 2 at work, in a demountable manner.
    At work, the structure 2 according to the invention, illustrated in Figure 4, is a cap 3 abutted between an upstream section and a downstream section of an installation I formed by the shutter 4. These upstream and downstream sections are rigidly and hermetically attached to the structure 2 at work, obviously removable.
    Specifically, the seal 1 and the structure 2 according to the invention are formed to withstand significant positive pressures at work. The fluid pressure to which the seal 1 and the structure 2 are subjected can reach, thanks to the invention, positive values of the order of 42 MPa at 75 MPa.
    FIG. 2 shows an example of a seal 1 according to the invention, which can be mounted on any structure 2, in an installation I, such as or other than that of FIG. 1.
    According to the examples of FIGS. 3A and 3B, the structure 2 according to the invention has at least one groove 5 which has a specific cross-section in a half-plane XY, ensuring in collaboration with as many joints 1, remarkable resistance to pressure and increased security against mounting errors, among others.
    According to the invention, the seal 1 is of static type and elastically deformable. This seal 1 is generally extended in the working position, in a plane that corresponds to the YZ joint plane.
    According to this YZ joint plane, the seal 1 forms a closed loop (circular for the example of Figure 2). The fluid passage 10 is extended in the axial direction X, in FIG.
    According to this example, the seal 1 forms in the joint plane YZ a close circle circle loop. The seal 1 therefore has a symmetry of revolution around the X direction.
    In other embodiments, the shape of the seal 1 closed loop is oval, rectangle, square or parallelepiped, but not exclusively. In these embodiments, the angles or curvatures have a minimum radius, for example between two rectilinear zones of a rectangular contour.
    In the transverse plane XY, the seal 1 of the invention has a cross section which is not circular in contrast to the O-rings, nor triangular or rectangular. For simplicity, the cross section of the seal 1 of the invention is contained in the transverse plane XY.
    According to the invention, the cross section of the seal 1 at rest is in the form of a non-regular and asymmetric polygon with respect to the axial direction X, and also with respect to the transverse direction Y. As for each groove 5, it comprises a face 11, a lower face 12, an inner face 13, a polarizing edge 14 and a retaining barrier 16, visible in FIG. 4.
    As explained below, the seal 1 is made asymmetrical by the presence in particular of an external transverse shoulder 15 and an internal immobilization lip 17 visible in FIG. 3 for example.
    Referring to Figures 3A and 3B, we see that the seal 1 has the rest in the transverse plane XY; a crown sector 18 extending from an inner surface 18I of the crown sector 18 to an outer counter-bearing surface 18E respectively separated from the axial direction X by a minimum internal dimension 19 and a maximum external dimension 20, the surface outer support 18E externally defining an outer transverse shoulder 15 of the seal 1, - a base sector 22 of the seal 1 located in elevation partially under the crown sector 18, the base sector extending transversely of a surface internal base 39 to an outer guide surface 38 respectively separated from the axial direction X by a minimum internal measurement 23 and a maximum external measurement 24, the minimum internal measurement 23 and the maximum external measurement 24, respectively being smaller than the dimension at least the maximum external dimension 19, the outer guide surface 38 being separated from the outer surface of the support 18E by the outer transverse shoulder 15, the outer transverse shoulder 15 forming a polarizer for setting the gasket 1 in the mounting position, the gasket 1 comprising an internal immobilizing lip 17 which is integrated with the body 25 between the inner surface of the top 181 and the inner base surface 39 protruding internally to the axial direction X to form a seal lock 1 in the mounting position.
    In FIG. 3A, the crown sector 18 comprises an outer counter-support surface 18E and an inner summit surface 181. The base sector 22 also has an outer guide surface 38 and an inner base surface 39.
    FIG. 3A shows that the measurements 23 (minimum internal) and 24 (maximum external) are respectively smaller than the dimensions 19 (minimum internal) and 20 (maximum external). As a result, the crown sector 18 is offset outwardly relative to the base sector 22. In this way, the crown sector 18 is offset externally (along Y) relative to the base sector 22, thereby creating transverse asymmetry.
    In the transverse direction Y, the counter-abutment surface 18E of the crown sector 18 does not therefore overhang the base sector 22. The shoulder 15 is thus essentially projecting from the base sector 22 transversely towards the outside of the joint 1.
    In other words, the maximum external measurement 24 extends at a distance internally from the plumb of the external transverse shoulder 15. The minimum internal measurement and dimension 19. 23 extend as for them in internal detachment of the lip internal immobilization 17, in the transverse direction Y. Therefore, the invention provides an asymmetrical polarizer against any risk of mounting upside down of the seal 1.
    In FIGS. 2 or 3A, the seal 1 comprises a one-piece body 25. The one-piece body 25 forms the vertex 18 and the base 22 sectors. Thus, the one-piece body 25 defines an upper surface 26 of the seal 1 between the end external dimensions 19 and 20.
    It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the surface 26 of the body 25 at rest is extended in the transverse direction Y (and of course along the Z direction).
    In the mounting position, the surface 26 protrudes from an upper passage opening 27 of the groove 5, visible in FIGS. 3A and 3B. This surface 26 and therefore the top of the gasket 1 project from 0.5mm to 4mm from the opening 27, i.e. of the joint plane YZ of this structure 2 in the mounting position. It is already understood that at work, the upper surface 26 is generally extended flush with the opening of the structure 2, in the joint plane YZ.
    As for the lip 17, it is integrated in the one-piece body 25 and is adjacent to the base 22 and top 18 of the base sectors, prominently in the transverse direction Y, towards the inside of the seal 1, that is to say directed towards the direction Y, to form an immobilization of the seal 1 in the mounting position.
    As a result, the body 25 integrates the base sector 22, the lip 17, the shoulder 15 and therefore the upper sector 18, which are integral with each other.
    Note that the body 25 forms a central core 28 (shown in dashed lines in Figures 9 and 11) axially extended from top to bottom of the seal 1 and a transverse width of between 50% and 60% of the distance between the outer surface of against support 18E and a transverse end of the lip 17. Due to its axial dimensions, from the surface 26 to the support plane PJ, the core 28 is less sensitive to deformations than the shoulder 15 and the lip 17. At work, it is the right of this core 28 and thanks to its elasticity is effected sealing by pushing the surface 26 against the structure 2 to the YZ joint plane and between the base of the sector 22 and the support plane PJ of the throat 5.
    The body 25 is for example molded of elastically deformable material. In the embodiment of Figures 2-4, the elastically deformable material of the body 25 has a Young's modulus of the order of IMPa to 100 GPa.
    One of the aims of this is to obtain that the immobilizing lip 17 has a controlled external erase deformation in the transverse direction Y. This makes it possible to ensure the establishment and the maintenance in place of the seal 1 in the throat 5 corresponding. Similarly, this module is determined to obtain a controlled deformation of the shoulder 15.
    This body 25 is made of an elastically deformable material chosen from: fluoroelastomer FKM or FFKM, chloropolyethylene rubber, chlorosulfuric polyethylene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, ethylene acrylic rubber, ethylene propylene rubber or perfluorinated elastomers, tetrafluoroethylene, polychloroprene, nitrile, silicone or butyl.
    For example, the material is a VITON® 70 to 90 Shore type polymer of the DUPONT Company. This material has in particular a Shore A hardness of 70 +/- 5 tested at 72, a minimum tensile strength of 12.31 MPa, a minimum elongation allowed of 175% tested up to 211% and a Young's modulus at 100%. 6.24 MPa.
    FIGS. 8-9 and 10-11 show two embodiments of joint 1 and in particular of body 25.
    In Figures 8-9, the seal 1 is constituted by the body 25 of elastically deformable material, so that the outer transverse shoulder 15 and the immobilizing lip 17 are jointly made of material. As a result, the body 25 defines the outer guide surface 38. In such an embodiment, the outer backing surface 18E made of material can undergo a surface treatment for curing, for example by local photochemical reaction, local coating printing , local coating or the like.
    In Figures 10-11 (and 2, 3B-4, 7), the seal 1 comprises the body 25 of elastically deformable material and an anti-extrusion ring 29 reported. This anti-extrusion ring 29 is rigid, distinct from the body 25 and extends the shoulder 15.
    In these embodiments, the anti-extrusion ring 29 is adhesively secured to form the outer contour of the crown sector 18 in the manner of a belt. The outer surface 21 of this anti-extrusion ring 29 therefore comes transversely at the end of the shoulder 15.
    In the case of Figure 3B and as seen above, the anti-extrusion ring 29 extends externally in the Y direction, the crown sector 18 and then participates in enlarging the outer transverse shoulder 15 and the establishment from the seal to the assembly and then to the working position.
    In embodiments, the anti-extrusion ring 29 is made of material having a hardness of at most 900 HV 0.3 in Vickers hardness or 67 to 68 HRC in Rockwell hardness C and is chosen from: steel, stainless steel, titanium, alloy of copper, aluminum alloy, lead, polymer, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, fiberglass, graphite, ceramic.
    One purpose of this rigidity is to ensure effective maintenance of the periphery of the seal 1 inside the groove 5, during the transition from the mounting position to the working position, so that the anti-extrusion ring 29 has an anti-extrusion function. By "anti-extrusion" function is meant the fact that it is a question of avoiding a risk of migration of the elastically deformable material on the upper or lower faces of a structure 2, such as a sliding lid 3, for example .
    According to the invention, the upper surface 26 of the crown sector 18 ensures a tight contact of the seal 1 to work in the joint plane YZ. The seal 1, and in particular the body 25, also has a lower surface 30, which is parallel to the rest at the upper face 26. The surface 30 is opposite the surface 26 in the axial direction X and ensures a seal tight contact 1 at work at the bottom of the groove 5, against the support plane PJ.
    Between the surface 30 and the outer guide surface 38 of the seal 1 is formed a centering flange 22E (Figures 8 to 11). The centering flange 22E allows the seal 1 to easily penetrate the bottom of the groove 5 of the structure 2, given the associated effect of a ramp 43 of said structure 2, as described below. This centering flange 22E thus participates in the proper positioning of the base sector 22 of the seal 1, the outer surface 38 serving as a guide.
    FIGS. 3A, 4 show that the positioning of the seal 1 to the mounting in the groove 5 leaves free a peripheral lowering clearance 31. This peripheral lowering clearance 31 is formed at the bottom of the seal 1 between the shoulder 15 and the surface lower 30. The clearance 31 is axially below the outer surface 18E support against.
    Due to the controlled deformation of the material of the body 25, during the transition from the mounting position to the working position, the outer surface 18E back support directs the deformation of the shoulder 15 in the axial direction X and towards the support plane PJ, so that this shoulder descends and fills in part the clearance 31.
    In the case of FIG. 3B, the external surface 21 of the anti-extrusion ring 29 guides this deformation of the shoulder 15.
    In other words, the surfaces 18E and 21 lead the deformation of the shoulder 15 to its setting in work, in the axial direction X and towards the bottom of the groove 5 (ie towards the support plane PJ) and the inside the release. This contributes to a highly tight contact at the surfaces 26 and 30, and therefore the core 28. Compared with the known joints, the available extent according to the invention is particularly important, in the joint plane YZ and respectively in the support plane of the joint PJ, that is to say perpendicularly to the axial direction X. In fact, thanks to these surfaces 26 and 30 with large dimensions where the static sealing between the seal 1 and the structure takes place 2, the invention provides unparalleled security to date, especially in the face of significant pressures.
    The immobilizing lip 17 has a locking function of the seal 1 in the groove 5 during assembly. The immobilizing lip 17 has a rod shape at the upper, lower and transverse locations of the lip 17.
    In FIGS. 8 and 10, the lip 17 has a contact arc 32 which is elastic and immobilized after placing the seal 1 in the groove 5. It is understood that because of its curved shape, the lip 17 can to be inserted for an elastic staple (in English: "clipping") in the groove 5. This arc 32 then avoids injuries and breakage primers, when mounting the seal 1 in the groove 5, which implies a controlled deformation of the lip 17.
    In the axial direction X, the lip 17 is extended for the most part within the crown sector 18, only the catching curvature of the bottom of the lip 17 being situated within the base section 22.
    In embodiments of the invention, the immobilizing lip 17 is continuous along the closed loop of the seal 1, that is to say that this lip 17 is extended over the entire inner periphery of the body 25 and therefore the attached 1.
    In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 2, the immobilizing lip 17 is intermittent along the closed loop of the seal 1 and comprises alternately along this contour, at least two immobilization sections 33 or projecting rods inwards transversely, from the minimum measurement 23. At least two recessed sections 34, are flush with the minimum measurement 23 of the base sector 22, in the transverse direction Y.
    In this embodiment, each immobilization section 33 is extended over an opening angle 35, for example of the order of 30 ° +/- 20 °. Each recessed section 34 is extended at a spacing angle 36, for example of the order of 120 ° +/- 10 °.
    In FIG. 2, various markings 37 are affixed to the body 25. In FIG. 2, the markings are affixed to the lower surface 30 of the seal. In FIGS. 3A, 3B, 7-9, the reference 42 corresponds to the trace of a marking 37.
    In this embodiment, at least one of the markings 37 has come from injection molding of the body 25. In other embodiments, at least one other marking 37 is produced after molding of the body 25, for example by hot stamping or the like. .
    In Figures 8 and 10, the marking is preferably formed on the upper surface 26 to be visible once the seal 1 mounted.
    In this type of embodiment, the arrangement of several markings 37 is comparable to that of FIG. 2, where a marking 37 (on the left) is a date identifier identifying the date of production of the seal 1, typically by injection molding (a dial at 12 o'clock). numbers and a central alphanumeric identifier). Another so-called central marking 37 indicates the nature of the material of the seal 1 which is elastically deformable and is in the form of a dial with 12 numbers. An additional marking 37 (on the right) is an indicator of the hardness of the elastically deformable material and is in the form of a dial with 12 numbers. Of course, other markings are possible.
    Note in Figures 8-11 that the shape junction between the shoulder 15 and the guide surface 38 of the Joint 1, defined by the body 25, is concave and curved. Similarly, the junctions between the outer guide surface 38 and the lower surface 30, as well as between this surface 30 and an inner base surface 39 are convex and convex thereby constituting respective rounds of centering 22E. This is to facilitate assembly and avoid injury of the seal.
    Before describing the structure 2, note that in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4, the seal being at rest, an empty expansion volume 40 of the gasket 1 is formed in its groove 5.
    In cross section, relative to the surface of the joint 1, this volume 40 is of the order of 12%. FIGS. 3A-3B show that this volume 40 is divided into two parts, on either side of the central core 28. The volume 40 includes an external part, namely the peripheral lowering clearance 31 between the groove 5 and the outer guide surface 38 and an inner portion between the inner surface 39 (FIGS. 8-11) and the groove 5.
    Referring to Figures 3-5, we see that the structure 2 and in particular each groove 5 has a non-regular and asymmetrical polygonal cross section in the axial directions X and transverse Y.
    We have seen that the groove 5 has an upper passage opening 27, in the joint plane YZ for the positioning of the seal 1 in the groove 5. The groove 5 has an inner face 13 and a polarizing flange 14 located at the plumb to the bottom of the groove 5 in the axial direction X that is to say towards the bearing plane PJ and projecting from a first external bearing face 41, towards the inside of the groove 5 the transverse direction Y (FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4).
    According to the invention, each external support face 41 is arranged for support and guidance by sliding either of the outer surface 21 of the anti-extrusion ring 29 (FIG. 3B) or of the outer surface of the counter-support 18E of the seal 1 (Figure 3A).
    The polarizing flange 14 comprises a horizontal face 44, perpendicular to the axial direction X, followed by a ramp 43 inclined toward the bottom of the groove 5 to facilitate the introduction of the base sector 22 into the bottom of the groove 5, in cooperation with the centering flange 22E of the base sector 22. This ramp is itself followed by a second outer face 45 for guiding the outer guide surface 38 of the base sector 22 until contact of this base sector 22 with the support plane PJ of the bottom of the groove 5.
    According to the invention, each groove 5 comprises a retaining barrier 16 to cooperate with the lip 17. It has been seen that this barrier 16 is protruding towards the outside of the groove 5 in the transverse direction Y and from an inner wall 13 which forms the inner face 13 of the groove 5. This barrier 16 ensures the maintenance by elastic stapling, and thus the immobilization of the seal 1 in the groove 5.
    Referring to Figure 6, the mounting method P of the invention is then described. This process P comprises; a step of checking the correspondence E01 of the joint 1 with a groove 5 of the structure 2, a step of checking the agreement E02 of at least one marking 37 of the joint 1 with the specifications of the structure 2, a step of putting in position E03 adequate seal 1 in a groove 5 of the structure 2, the cross sections of the seal 1 and the groove 5 allowing the proper position or prohibiting any setting in improper position (see comments in Figure 7 below ), a immobilization step E04 by interaction between the retaining barrier 16 and the immobilization lip 17, and then a step E05 of setting the seal 1 in the working position in the structure 2, so as to obtain static sealing.
    If necessary, the method P comprises, as in FIG. 6, a step of removing E06 from the seal 1 out of the groove 5, for example for a regular, exceptional or programmed maintenance operation. In case of change of the seal 1, the method then comprises a return step E07 at the beginning of process P.
    In order to illustrate the step of placing the gasket 1 in a groove 5 of the structure 2 in the correct position E03, FIG. 7 shows an example of an unsuitable mounting of a gasket 1 in a corresponding groove 5, which is miscoded according to the method of the invention.
    Indeed, it is found that the seal 1 does not penetrate properly in the groove 5, leaving a day between the lower face 12 of the groove 5 and the surface (normally upper) 26 of the seal. Also, the lip 17 does not pass the barrier 16, remaining essentially in a bevel of introduction. In this case, with a wrong fitting direction of the seal 1 which is returned transversely 180 ° with respect to its actual mounting position, the controlled deformation of this seal 1 is impossible. In fact, any clamping of a part sharing the joint plane YZ with the structure 2 is impossible, the base sector 22 remaining out of the groove 5 and preventing the relative approximation of the part and the structure 2, to the YZ joint plane.
    Thanks to the invention, a static seal between an upstream section and a downstream section of a high-pressure fluid line pipe is obtained, and also allows a temperature of -100 ° C. to + 320 ° C. for the fluid circulating in the pipe. structure 2.
    Unlike known seals, the invention advantageously allows that rest is provided an empty expansion volume of a seal 1 in its groove 5 polygonal shoulder and lip, of the order of 12%. This empty volume ensures excellent expansion of a seal 1 in its groove 5 and a good distribution of the parts of the seal 1 deforming, in the empty volumes at rest, during expansion which promotes a contour of the seal 1 deformed ensuring a certain sealing. The invention ensures a static, durable and reliable seal even when the fluid pressure in the structure 2 exceeds especially high values.
    Moreover, during in situ assembly, the invention avoids human errors as to the type of seal 1 of inappropriate shape that must be installed in a given groove.
    Also, the invention avoids that a seal of acceptable shape but of inappropriate composition of material (x) may be installed due to human error, since the marking allows a check of concordance and a verification of the deadline. of adequacy of the joint 1.
    With the invention, it is easy in practice to be certain that the appropriate seal 1 is actually installed in situ. Also, thanks to the non-circular cross section and having a double-sided direction of assembly of the seal 1 and its corresponding groove 5, it is now easy to be certain that the seal 1 is mounted inside the groove 5 in a position and in a proper manner.
    In addition, thanks to the immobilizing lip, the invention ensures the maintenance of the seal 1 at rest inside the groove 5, from the moment of its assembly until the seal is obtained. When clamping from the rest state to the working state, the invention provides a gradual and distributed deformation of the seal 1 which avoids altering its integrity. In particular the seal 1 according to the invention is no longer likely to be injured or damaged to the extent that the shape with rounded corners in section of the seal 1 ensures a smooth introduction into the groove 5. This avoids the break primers.
    In addition, the seal 1 is especially robust, simple and compact while being able to be produced economically, typically by molding, injection, including in the context of limited series.
    Naturally, the invention is subject to variations in implementation. Although several embodiments have been described, it is not conceivable to identify all the embodiments of the invention. Thus, some embodiments provide for replacing a means described by equivalent means while remaining within the scope of the invention.
    Table 1
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. An elastically deformable type static seal (1), this seal (1) extending in elevation parallel to an axial direction (X) perpendicular to a joint plane (YZ), the seal (1) forming a closed loop around the axial direction (X) and having a cross section in each transverse half-plane (XY) delimited by the axial direction (X), each half-plane having a transverse direction (Y) in said joint plane ( YZ), characterized in that the seal (1) comprises a body (25) of elastically deformable material, each cross section of the joint (1) at rest being a non-regular and asymmetrical transverse polygon, each cross section comprising: - a sector apex (18) extending from an inner surface (18I) of the apex sector (18) to an outer counter surface (18E) respectively separated from the axial direction (X) by a minimum internal dimension (19) and an external dimension maximum (20), the outer bearing surface (18E) delimiting externally an outer transverse shoulder (15) of the seal (1), - a base sector (22) of the seal (1) located in elevation partially under the sector at the top (18), the base sector extending transversely from an inner base surface (39) to an outer guide surface (38) respectively separated from the axial direction (X) by a minimum internal measurement ( 23) and a maximum external measurement (24), the minimum internal measurement (23) and the maximum external measurement (24) being respectively less than the minimum internal dimension (19) and the maximum external dimension (20), the surface external guide (38) being separated from the outer surface of against support (18E) by the external transverse shoulder (15), the outer transverse shoulder (15) forming a keying of mounting position of the seal (1), the seal (1) having an internal immobilizing lip e (17) which is integrated in the body (25) between the inner crown surface (181) and the inner base surface (39) in a prominent manner internally to the axial direction (X) to form a seal lock (1). ) in the mounting position.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Seal (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal (1) comprises; an upper surface (26) of the apex sector (18) which is extended at rest in the transverse direction (Y) and perpendicular to the counter-bearing outer surface (18E) and the inner apex surface (181); upper surface (26) ensuring a sealing contact of the seal (1) at work in the joint plane (YZ), - a lower surface (30) of the base sector (22) parallel to the rest at the upper surface (26) perpendicular to the outer guide surface (38) and to the inner base surface (39) and opposed to the upper surface in the axial direction (X), the lower surface (30) providing sealing contact of the seal (1). ) at work in a bearing plane (PJ) of the seal (1), and - an intermediate surface (151) of the crown sector (18) arranged between the upper surface (26) and the lower surface (30) forming the outer transverse shoulder (15), the shoulder (15) being perpendicular to the axial direction (X) and re bonding the backstop outer surface 18E to the outer guide surface (38), a peripheral lowering clearance (31) being provided at the bottom of the joint (1) from the outer transverse shoulder (15) to the surface lower (30), the guide surface (38) being parallel to the axial direction (X) so as to direct the mounting of the base sector (22) in the axial direction (X) and towards the support plane (PJ) ·
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Joint (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the immobilization lip (17) has a controlled external erase deformation in the transverse direction (Y) and comprises at a higher location an elastic and immobilizing contact arc (32) after placing the seal (1) in position during assembly.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Seal (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the seal (1) is integral and constituted by the body (25) elastically deformable material Young's modulus of the order of 1 MPa at 100 GPa, so that the outer transverse shoulder (15) is integral with the body (25).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Seal (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the seal (1) comprises the body (25) of elastically deformable Young modulus material of the order of 1 MPa to 100 GPa and a separate rigid anti-extrusion ring (29), the anti-extrusion ring (29) being adhesively secured to the body (25) to form a partial outer contour of the crown sector and the outer surface (21) of this ring anti-extrusion, as well as the shoulder (15) at least in part.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Seal (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the anti-extrusion ring (29) is made of a material having a hardness of not more than 900 HV 0.3 (Vickers hardness) or 67 to 68 HRC (Rockwell hardness) C) and selected from: steel, stainless steel, titanium, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, lead, polymer, aramid fiber, carbon fiber, fiberglass, graphite, ceramic.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Seal (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material of the body (25) is of elastically deformable material selected from: fluoroelastomer, chloropolyethylene rubber, chlorosulfur polyethylene rubber , epi-hydrochloric rubber, ethylene acrylic rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, perfluorinated elastomers, tetrafluoroethylene, polychloroprene, nitrile, silicone or butyl.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Seal (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the seal (1) forms a closed loop contour in the joint plane (YZ) selected from: circle, oval, rectangle, square and parallelepiped.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Seal (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the immobilization lip (17) is intermittent along the closed loop of the seal (1) and comprises alternately along this contour, at least two immobilization sections (33) projecting from the minimum measurement of the base sector (18) and at least two recessed sections (34), flush with the minimum measurement of the following base sector (18) the transverse direction (Y).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Seal (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9. characterized in that the seal (1) comprises a centering rounding (22E) between the outer guide surface (38) and the lower surface (30) .
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Structure (2) under positive pressure, the structure (2) comprising at least one groove (5), characterized in that a seal (1) of elastic sealing of elastically deformable type according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is arranged in the groove (5), positive values of fluid pressure in the structure (2) at work being of the order of 42 MPa to 75 MPa, the groove (5) has a non-regular cross section and asymmetrical which includes ; - An opening (27) upper passage in the joint plane (YZ) for positioning the seal (1) in the groove (5). a first external face (41) opposite the crown sector (18) for supporting the crown sector against this first external face (41) of the external counter-support surface (18E), or of the outer surface (21) of the anti-extrusion ring (29), - a polarizing edge (14) plumb with the bearing plane (PJ) in the axial direction (X) and projecting from the first bearing face (41) towards the inside of the groove (5) defining a horizontal face (44) perpendicular to the axial direction (X) followed by an inclined ramp (43) towards the groove base (5) for facilitate the introduction of the base sector (22) in the groove base (5) and a second outer face (45) for guiding the outer guide surface (38) of the base sector (22) until contact of the base sector (22) with the support plane (PJ) at the bottom of the groove (5), - an inner face of the groove (5), - a retaining barrier (16) of the lip (17), prominent e to the outside of the groove (5) in the transverse direction (Y) and from the inner face (13).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Process (P) for mounting in a structure (2) a seal (1) sealing according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the method (P) comprises: - a step of verification (E01) of correspondence of the joint (1) with a groove (5) of the structure (2), - a step of checking the concordance (E02) of at least one marking (37) of the joint (1) with specifications of the structure (2), - a step of positioning (E03) the seal (1) in the groove (5) of the structure (2), the cross-sections of the joint (1) and the groove ( 5) permitting positioning in an appropriate position or preventing any improper positioning; - an immobilization step (E04) by interaction between a retaining barrier (16) of the groove (5) and the internal immobilization lip (17); ) of the seal (1), and - subsequently, a setting (E05) of work in the structure (2) and the seal (1) so as to obtain the static seal.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN107420542A|2017-12-01|
    FR3051878B1|2018-10-26|
    EP3249266A1|2017-11-29|
    US20170343117A1|2017-11-30|
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    法律状态:
    2017-05-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-12-01| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20171201 |
    2018-05-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-05-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-05-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-05-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1600829|2016-05-24|
    FR1600829A|FR3051878B1|2016-05-24|2016-05-24|HIGH PRESSURE STATIC SEALING|FR1600829A| FR3051878B1|2016-05-24|2016-05-24|HIGH PRESSURE STATIC SEALING|
    EP17170087.5A| EP3249266A1|2016-05-24|2017-05-09|High-pressure static sealing|
    US15/596,395| US20170343117A1|2016-05-24|2017-05-16|High-pressure static sealing|
    CN201710374602.7A| CN107420542A|2016-05-24|2017-05-24|High pressure static seals|
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